Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds for proliferation and early differentiation of MG63 by functionalization with fetal bovine serum

Abstract

Scaffolds have been used as alternative biomaterials to overcome physiological bone disorders. Production of scaffolds has been challenging to fulfil the following criteria: biodegradability, mechanical sustainability, and biocompatibility. For cellular interaction, protein adsorbed on scaffold surface is important for osteoblastic activities. This study aimed to functionalize chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds with fetal bovine serum and investigate in vitro efficacy of such scaffolds with fetal bovine serum. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds were prepared via direct blending and lyophilization. They were then functionalized with fetal bovine serum via adsorption for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The in vitro efficacy of the functionalized scaffolds was evaluated using MG63 cells. The adsorption of fetal bovine serum onto the scaffolds was complex where saturation of adsorption was hardly attained. The in vitro efficacy of scaffolds with adsorbed fetal bovine serum was higher than that of those without fetal bovine serum by promoting better osteoblastic functions. Notably, the scaffolds functionalized for 4 h enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation on 7 day suggesting good regulation of osteoblastic binding and proliferation. ALP protein was expressed on 26 day in all functionalized scaffolds. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds with adsorbed fetal bovine serum can be a potential regenerative material for bone regeneration.