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Abstract
In this work, we designed and fabricated a multifunctional nanocomposite system that consists of chitosan, raspberry-like silver nanoparticles, and graphene oxide. The room temperature atmospheric pressure microplasma (RT-APM) process provides a rapid, facile, and environmentally-friendly method for introducing silver nanoparticles into the composite system. Our composite can achieve a pH controlled single and/or dual drug release. Under pH 7.4 for methyl blue loaded on chitosan, the drug release profile features a burst release during the first 10 h, followed by a more stabilized release of 70–80% after 40–50 h. For fluorescein sodium loaded on graphene oxide, the drug release only reached 45% towards the end of 240 h. When the composite acted as a dual drug release system, the interaction of fluorescein sodium and methyl blue slowed down the methyl blue release rate. Under pH 4, both single and dual drug systems showed a much higher release rate. In addition, our composite system demonstrated strong antibacterial abilities against E. coli and S. aureus, as well as an excellent photothermal conversion effect under irradiation of near infrared lasers. The photothermal conversion efficiency can be controlled by the laser power. These unique functionalities of our nanocomposite point to its potential application in multiple areas, such as multimodal therapeutics in healthcare, water treatment, and anti-microbials, among others.
Highlights
Chitosan (CS) exhibits biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has been explored widely for biomedical applications such as bone/skin regeneration, wound dressing, and cancer therapy [1,2,3]
The finding is consistent with previous studies on room temperature atmospheric pressure microplasma (RT-APM) synthesized AgNPs, where the presence of AgNPs is supported by the typical broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak at around 410 nm [25,26]
It is known that Graphene oxide (GO) has abundant negatively charged oxygen-containing surface functional groups (e.g., –OH and –COOH), whereas CS is positively charged in aqueous solutions due to the protonation of the surface amine group [29]
Summary
Chitosan (CS) exhibits biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has been explored widely for biomedical applications such as bone/skin regeneration, wound dressing, and cancer therapy [1,2,3]. GO has emerged as a promising photothermal agent for photothermal therapy, especially due to its high absorption cross-sections in the near infrared (NIR) region [7,8]. These unique physiochemical properties have enabled its wide application in the biomedical field, including drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and tissue regeneration [9,10]. Shamekhi et al [15] prepared GO containing CS scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering with enhanced physical and mechanical properties via cross-linking and incorporation of nanoparticles. GO has been used to improve the electrical conductivity of biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering [17,18]
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