Abstract
This study aims to highlight the latest marine-derived technologies in the biomedical field. The dental field, in particular, uses many marine-derived biomaterials, including chitosan. Chitosan that is used in different fields of medicine, is analyzed in this review with the aim of highlighting its uses and advantages in the dental field. A literature search was conducted in scientific search engines, using keywords in order to achieve the highest possible number of results. A review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted to evaluate and process all the relevant results for chitosan and oral health. After a screening and a careful analysis of the literature, there were only 12 results highlighted. Chitosan performs different functions and it is used in different fields of dentistry in a safe and effective way. Among the uses of chitosan, we report on the remineralizing property of chitosan which hardens tissues of the tooth, and therefore its role as a desensibilizer used in toothpastes. According to our systematic review, the use of chitosan has shown better surgical healing of post-extraction oral wounds. Furthermore, some studies show a reduction in bacterial biofilm when used in dental cements. In addition, it has antibacterial, antifungal, hemostatic and other systemic properties which aid its use for drug delivering.
Highlights
In recent years, progress in the scientific and biomedical field has allowed the creation of new biomaterials that are increasingly efficient and safe
The aim of this study is to systematically review the use of chitosan, and possibly the defects and merits of its use, in dentistry
The results analyzed in this study show that chitosan is a safe compound to use, with many positive properties for applications in oral surgery and restorative dentistry
Summary
Progress in the scientific and biomedical field has allowed the creation of new biomaterials that are increasingly efficient and safe. Often the process for obtaining biomaterials is difficult and expensive. Many steps have been made in the field of marine-based biomaterial research [1,2,3]. There are effective applications of marine-derived biomaterials in surgical, orthopedic, reconstructive plastic surgery, aesthetic, and dental material biomaterials [4,5]. Often the advantage of marine-derived biomaterials, such as collagen, is closely related to the quantity obtainable. One of the materials used in different fields of dentistry and which plays different roles is chitosan
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