Chitosan Reinforced with Kenaf Nanocrystalline Cellulose as an Effective Carrier for the Delivery of Platelet Lysate in the Acceleration of Wound Healing.

Payal Bhatnagar,Jia Xian Law,Shiow-Fern Ng

doi:10.3390/polym13244392

Payal Bhatnagar, Jia Xian Law + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244392

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Abstract

The clinical use of platelet lysate (PL) in the treatment of wounds is limited by its rapid degradation by proteases at the tissue site. This research aims to develop a chitosan (CS) and kenaf nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) hydrogel composite, which intend to stabilize PL and control its release onto the wound site for prolonged action. NCC was synthesized from raw kenaf bast fibers and incorporated into the CS hydrogel. The physicochemical properties, in vitro cytocompatibility, cell proliferation, wound scratch assay, PL release, and CS stabilizing effect of the hydrogel composites were analyzed. The study of swelling ratio (>1000%) and moisture loss (60–90%) showed the excellent water retention capacity of the CS-NCC-PL hydrogels as compared with the commercial product. In vitro release PL study (flux = 0.165 mg/cm2/h) indicated that NCC act as a nanofiller and provided the sustained release of PL compared with the CS hydrogel alone. The CS also showed the protective effect of growth factor (GF) present in PL, thereby promoting fast wound healing via the formulation. The CS-NCC hydrogels also augmented fibroblast proliferation in vitro and enhanced wound closures over 72 h. This study provides a new insight on CS with renewable source kenaf NCC as a nanofiller as a potential autologous PL wound therapy.

Highlights

In the last decade, biopolymers have attracted substantial attention mainly because of their renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and abundance
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for standard and sample as per manual instructions, and concentrations were determined as 477.26 pg/mL and 150 ng/mL for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF-β, respectively, from the calibration curves
To address the challenges related to platelet lysate (PL) instability, we developed a CS hydrogel combined with kenaf-derived nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)

Summary

Introduction

Biopolymers have attracted substantial attention mainly because of their renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and abundance. Nanocellulose, a biopolymer derived from plants, is a promising biomaterial in skin grafts, implants, tissue engineering, and wound healing. Plant-derived NCC is highly beneficial for wound dressing applications because of its high capability to absorb liquids and form translucent films [1]. These properties are crucial for non-healing and chronic wounds, where exudates need to be managed adequately. Bast fibers have been extensively investigated for their excellent mechanical properties because of their high length-to-diameter ratio and superior crystallinity, allowing these fibers to be applied as a reinforcing agent with other natural or synthetic polymers for biomedical applications [2]. The use of kenaf-based NCC as wound dressing has yet to be researched and explored

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