Abstract
Thailand is the world’s largest exporter of durian accounted for 77.33 % of the world consumption. One of the most problem of durian tree is pathogens. Durian root rot disease cause by various species of phytophthora, Fusarium spp., and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae are the most important disease that cause crop lost, limit of production and durian tree can be damaged to death. Farmers have applied various fungicide such as metalaxyl to control these pathogens but their side effects of may come with risks, such as serious hazards to farmers, consumers and the environment. Fungicide-resistant Phytophthora strains have been reported in many countries including tropical countries. Chitosan oligomer and monomer (COAMs) derived from shell shrimp and crap are biological organic substance theirs interesting biological properties are biocompatible, non-toxic and biodegradable. They are applied in agriculture due to their properties of immune stimulant, antimicrobial activity such as antifungal and antibacterial, plant growth regulator and fertilizer additive. COAMs have been tested with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the anthracnose pathogen. The result show more than 95 % of mycelial inhibition slightly better than carbendazim. Fungi pathogen also cultured from infected sample of durian crops and has been tested with COAMs. The IC50 also found and COAMs could inhibit the mycelial growth with IC50 of dilution 1/35 (v/v). This study have applied innovative organic method to treat root rot disease in durian crops. The method is application of COAMs with integrated microorganisms (IMO) consist of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and few of soil benefit microorganisms. Durian crops in eastern area of Thailand which have problem of root rot disease have been selected. Phloem tissues look through digital microscope have considered as criteria of severity and improvement of disease. COAMs and IMO have applied and follow up 30 days after last treatment. The phloem tissues show cured and improvement significantly better than chemical fungicide. This study shows the effectiveness of the innovative method for root rot disease treatment in durian crops by application of COAMs and IMO found significant improvement compare to chemical fungicide.
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