Abstract
Herein we describe the preparation, characterization and utilization of of chitosan nano particles for the intracellular delivery of the poorly cell-penetrating antibiotic e.g. Ciprofloxacin, Chlortetracycline hydrochloride and Gentamycin sulfate to improve their treatment of bacterial infections. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via the ionic gelation of chitosan with tri polyphosphate anions. Several parameters were studied to obtimize the particle size of chitosan nanoparticles, here we select the concentration of chitosan and the concentrations of sodium tri poly phosphate (TPP) as obtimizing parameters and the other factors stay constant such as pH of solution and ultrasonication time. Chitosan nanoparticles formed characterized by using FT-IR and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and its loaded antibiotics kill and inhibits the growth of gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria tested due to nanoparticles structures, and the antibacterial activity increased with increasing the anti biotic content.
Highlights
The purpose of this study was to explore the possible improvement of antimicrobial treatment by its incorporation into chitosan-based nanoparticles
Limited cellular penetration reduces the effectiveness of many antimicrobial treatments; and overcome the side effects of selected antibiotecs such as Ciprofloxacin, Chlortetracycline hydrochloride and Gentamycin sulfate to improve their treatment of bacterial infections(Zaki and Hafez, 2012)
S. aureus and E. coli were selected as test cells because they are the most frequent bacteria in the wound infection and represent Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, respectively
Summary
The purpose of this study was to explore the possible improvement of antimicrobial treatment by its incorporation into chitosan-based nanoparticles. There are several mechanisms that explain the antibacterial activity of chitosan, the most common one assume that chitosan binds to the negatively charged bacterial surface disrupting the cell membrane and altering its permeability. This allows materials to leak out of the bacterial cells resulting in cell death (Abou-Zeid et al, 2011). In Gram-positive bacterium, its cell wall is fully composed of peptide polyglycogen. ButIn Gram-negative bacterium, the cell wall of which is made up of a thin membrane of peptide polyglycogen and an outer membrane constituted of lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein and phospholipids. Chitosan is a mucoadhesive polymer that is able to open tight junctions and allow the paracellular transport of molecules across mucosal delivery of vaccines (Van der Lubben et al, 2001; Sawaengsak et al, 2014; Del Guidice and Baudner, 2015)
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