Abstract
Infectious disease of poultry and pig are major threat to health and cause severe economic loss to the food industry and a global food safety issue. Poultry and pig act as a mixing vessel of zoonotic transmission of disease to humans. Effective mucosal vaccines used in animals could reduce the impact of diseases in food animals. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, and its positive charge makes it a natural mucoadhesive agent. Therefore, since last one-decade chitosan derived nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been in use widely to deliver vaccine antigens in animals through mucosal route. Primary route of entry of most infectious disease pathogen is through oral and nasal routes, and the CS NPs based vaccines delivered through that routes enhance the immunogenicity of encapsulated vaccine antigens by targeting the cargo to mucosal microfold cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Resulting in induction of robust secretory and systemic antibodies and/or cell mediated immune response which provides protection against infections. To date, CS NPs is being widely used for mucosal vaccine delivery in poultry and pigs to control bacterial and viral infections, and tested in several preclinical trials for vaccine delivery in humans. In this review, we highlighted the progress so far made in using CS NPs as a vehicle for mucosal vaccine delivery against infectious and zoonotic diseases of poultry and pigs. Discussed about the need of CS NPs modifications, CS NPs based vaccines induced immune responses and its role in protection, and challenges in vaccination and future directions.
Highlights
Vaccination is the preferred and effective approach to control and prevent infectious diseases (Guo et al, 2019)
This study suggests that combination of intranasal vaccine with commercial intramuscular vaccine is more comprehensive as a prophylaxis against the disease, and they used chitosan instead of chitosan derived nanoparticles (CS NPs) (Worrall et al, 2009)
The same research group in another study used only N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammoniumchloride modified chitosan and not N,Ocarboxymethyl chitosan encapsulated attenuated live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in CS NPs, and when delivered orally shown high antibodies and cellular immune response compared to intranasal route; both oral and intranasal delivered CS NPs vaccine induced absence of any pathological and histopathological changes, and offered complete protection against NDV in chickens, while the commercial live vaccine not did (Zhao et al, 2016)
Summary
Vaccination is the preferred and effective approach to control and prevent infectious diseases (Guo et al, 2019). The conserved HA2 and M2e influenza proteins surface coated and its mRNA encapsulated CS NPs vaccine delivered intranasal in layer chickens elicited systemic IgG and mucosal secretory IgA antibodies response, cross-reactive serum virus neutralization antibody titers and T-cell response (Hajam et al, 2020).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
