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Abstract
This paper reports that, by simply blending two heterogeneous polysaccharide nanofibers, namely chitosan nanofiber (ChNF) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a ChNF–CNF composite was prepared, which exhibited improved mechanical properties and antioxidant activity. ChNF was isolated using the aqueous counter collision (ACC) method, while CNF was isolated using the combination of TEMPO oxidation and the ACC method, which resulted in smaller size of CNF than that of ChNF. The prepared composite was characterized in terms of morphologies, FT-IR, UV visible, thermal stability, mechanical properties, hygroscopic behaviors, and antioxidant activity. The composite was flexible enough to be bent without cracking. Better UV-light protection was shown at higher content of ChNF in the composite. The high ChNF content showed the highest antioxidant activity in the composite. It is the first time that a simple combination of ChNF–CNF composites fabrication showed good mechanical properties and antioxidant activities. In this study, the reinforcement effect of the composite was addressed. The ChNF–CNF composite is promising for active food packaging application.
Highlights
Nowadays, the use of renewable materials instead of plastics is essential since the proliferation of plastics in the environment has been known to create various health and ecological problems
From the FT-IR analysis, the structure of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and Chitosan nanofiber (ChNF) were confirmed in the composites
The overall mechanical properties of the composite were improved, which might be due to the reinforcement of ChNF to CNF in the composite
Summary
The use of renewable materials instead of plastics is essential since the proliferation of plastics in the environment has been known to create various health and ecological problems. An example of extensive use of plastics is packaging. Chitosan has been investigated for various applications including drug delivery, artificial skin, wound-dressing and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications [5]; contact lens and, water filtration [6]; food packaging [7,8,9]; and fruit preservations such as tomatoes, carrots and raw shrimps [10,11,12,13]. Chitosan does not cause any intrinsic food contamination such as phthalate leaching, has emerged as suitable alternatives for commercial plastics. Chitosan nanofiber (ChNF) is beneficial to various applications since it has high aspect ratio, good chemical/physical interaction and flexibility. Most ChNFs can be fabricated by electro-spinning process including dissolving and purifying steps [14]
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