Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer that has gained great interest in many research fields due to its promising biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable mechanical properties. The versatility of this low-cost polymer allows for a variety of chemical modifications via covalent conjugation and non-covalent interactions, which are designed to further improve the properties of interest. This review aims at presenting the broad range of functionalization strategies reported over the last five years to reflect the state-of-the art of CS derivatization. We start by describing covalent modifications performed on the CS backbone, followed by non-covalent CS modifications involving small molecules, proteins, and metal adjuvants. An overview of CS-based systems involving both covalent and electrostatic modification patterns is then presented. Finally, a special focus will be given on the characterization techniques commonly used to qualify the composition and physical properties of CS derivatives.
Highlights
Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer composed of repeating β-(1,4)-2-amino-D-glucose and β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose units that are linked by 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds (Figure 1)
Biodegradability, versatility, and low price, CS has gained a lot of attention over the past decades in fields ranging from wound healing and drug delivery [3,4,5] to waste water treatment [6,7], textile industry [8], and food packaging [9]
This review aims at presenting the recent methodologies that have been implemented for CS functionalization, focusing on the last five years of literature in order to reflect at best the state-of-the-art on CS derivatization
Summary
Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer composed of repeating β-(1,4)-2-amino-D-glucose and β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose units that are linked by 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds (Figure 1). Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer composed of repeating β-(1,4)-2-amino-D-. The industrial production of CS relies on the partial deacetylation of chitin, a polymer widely present in crustacea’s shell and fungi [1,2]. Biodegradability, versatility, and low price, CS has gained a lot of attention over the past decades in fields ranging from wound healing and drug delivery [3,4,5] to waste water treatment [6,7], textile industry [8], and food packaging [9]. The versatility of CS relies on its amino and hydroxyl groups (Figure 1) enabling various types of functionalization that will be described in detail in this review.
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