Abstract
Chitosan (CH)–carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (NaCMC) microcapsules containing paraffin oil were synthesized by complex formation, and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GTA). The electrostatic deposition of NaCMC onto the CH-coated paraffin oil emulsion droplets was demonstrated by zeta potential and optical microscopy. The optimal process conditions were identified in terms of pH of the aqueous solution (5.5) and CH/NaCMC mass ratio (1:1). Encapsulation of paraffin oil and microcapsule morphology were analyzed by ATR-FTIR and SEM, respectively. The effect of GTA crosslinking on paraffin oil latent heat was investigated by DSC and combined with the values of encapsulation efficiency and core content, supporting the compact shell formation.
Highlights
The formation of polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes (PEC) is achieved by involving two oppositely charged PEs, and is governed by intrinsic and extrinsic charge compensation
A CH-based oil-in-water single emulsion was successfully prepared at pH 5.5
A multiple emulsion was observed at lower pH (4.0) with higher larger droplets of mean size approximately 9.0 μm
Summary
The formation of polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes (PEC) is achieved by involving two oppositely charged PEs, and is governed by intrinsic and extrinsic charge compensation. Film or membrane design by molecular assembly or complexation involving oppositely-charged PEs is achieved in many different ways, such as layer-by-layer technique, colloidal dispersion, and film assembly. It is quite important to have a successful oil-in-water emulsion preparation during the initial formulation stage, in which polysaccharides and/or polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) act as emulsifier and stabilizer. Upon crosslinking of the emulsifier in the aqueous phase, a biopolymer film is formed around the oil phase with the aim of protecting the core from the external environment, prolonging shelf-life and controlling the drug release. A suitable choice of polysaccharide composition and optimized process conditions are crucial for the formation of polyelectrolyte complex and emulsion formulation
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