Abstract
Conventional bone grafting procedures used to treat bone defects have several limitations. An important aspect of bone tissue engineering is developing novel bone substitute biomaterials for bone grafts to repair orthopedic defects. Considerable attention has been given to chitosan, a natural biopolymer primarily extracted from crustacean shells, which offers desirable characteristics, such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoconductive. This review presents an overview of the chitosan-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE). It covers the basic knowledge of chitosan in terms of biomaterials, the traditional and novel strategies of the chitosan scaffold fabrication process, and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper integrates the relevant contributions in giving a brief insight into the recent research development of chitosan-based scaffolds and their limitations in BTE. The last part of the review discusses the next-generation smart chitosan-based scaffold and current applications in regenerative dentistry and future directions in the field of mineralized tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Tissue engineering by implanting artificial materials has become one of the most highly investigated scientific fields and can be used in regenerative medicine
The results showed that the scaffolds have the thermoresponsive ability and tunable physicochemical properties according to temperature [63]
In the context of bone tissue engineering (BTE),Trends several studies highlighted the potential use of chitosan as a
Summary
Tissue engineering by implanting artificial materials has become one of the most highly investigated scientific fields and can be used in regenerative medicine. Chitosan has attained enormous attention in several industrial applications, including biomedicine, antibacterial food coating, and the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [3,4]. Chitosan has received significant interest in bone regeneration [5] because it presents outstanding properties, such as being environmentally friendly, good biocompatibility, sustained drug release, biodegradable, and antimicrobial effects. Chitosan can be used in different biopolymeric composite materials [6]. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the recent developments, current applications, and future directions of chitosan-based scaffolds in the field of mineralized tissue regeneration
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