Abstract
Herein, we report the development of chitosan (CH)-based bio-composite modified with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of carbon disulfide. The current work aimed to increase the Lewis basic centers on the polymeric backbone using single-step three-components (chitosan, carbon disulfide, and acrylonitrile) reaction. For a said purpose, the thiocarbamate moiety was attached to the pendant functional amine (NH2) of chitosan. Both the pristine CH and modified CH-AN bio-composites were first characterized using numerous analytical and imaging techniques, including 13C-NMR (solid-form), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental investigation, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the modified bio-composite (CH-AN) was deployed for the decontamination of cations from the aqueous media. The sorption ability of the CH-AN bio-composite was evaluated by applying it to lead and copper-containing aqueous solution. The chitosan-based CH-AN bio-composite exhibited greater sorption capacity for lead (2.54 mmol g−1) and copper (2.02 mmol g−1) than precursor chitosan from aqueous solution based on Langmuir sorption isotherm. The experimental findings fitted better to Langmuir model than Temkin and Freundlich isotherms using linear regression method. Different linearization of Langmuir model showed different error functions and isothermal parameters. The nonlinear regression analysis showed lower values of error functions as compared with linear regression analysis. The chitosan with thiocarbamate group is an outstanding material for the decontamination of toxic elements from the aqueous environment.
Highlights
Fast industrialization, developing urbanization, expanding populace, broad utilization of nonmaintainable assets, and uncontrolled mishandling of common resources are making destructive, unrecoverable, and grave harms to the earth [1]
The altered material portrayed greater sorption ability from aqueous solution of lead and copper based on Langmuir sorption isotherm than pristine chitosan
The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models were applied to experimental data using both linear and nonlinear regression analysis
Summary
Fast industrialization, developing urbanization, expanding populace, broad utilization of nonmaintainable assets, and uncontrolled mishandling of common resources are making destructive, unrecoverable, and grave harms to the earth [1]. These effluents are persistent in the ecosystem and difficult to decontaminate [2]. Heavy metals are likewise not biodegradable and can accumulate in living beings [7,8]. The release of these metals is lethal and perceived as mutagenic, cancer causing, or teratogenic [9,10,11]
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