Abstract
Polysaccharide processing by means of low-temperature Electron Beam Plasma (EBP) is a promising alternative to the time-consuming and environmentally hazardous chemical hydrolysis in oligosaccharide production. The present paper considers mechanisms of the EBP-stimulated destruction of crab shell chitin, cellulose sulfate, and microcrystalline cellulose, as well as characterization of the produced oligosaccharides. The polysaccharide powders were treated in oxygen EBP for 1–20 min at 40 °C in a mixing reactor placed in the zone of the EBP generation. The chemical structure and molecular mass of the oligosaccharides were analyzed by size exclusion and the reversed phase chromatography, FTIR-spectroscopy, XRD-, and NMR-techniques. The EBP action on original polysaccharides reduces their crystallinity index and polymerization degree. Water-soluble products with lower molecular weight chitooligosaccharides (weight-average molecular mass, Mw = 1000–2000 Da and polydispersity index 2.2) and cellulose oligosaccharides with polymerization degrees 3–10 were obtained. The 1H-NMR analysis revealed 25–40% deacetylation of the EBP-treated chitin and FTIR-spectroscopy detected an increase of carbonyl- and carboxyl-groups in the oligosaccharides produced. Possible reactions of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds’ destruction due to active oxygen species and high-energy electrons are given.
Highlights
Two natural renewable biopolymers, namely cellulose and chitin, are the most abundant polysaccharides on the earth
Low-molecular weight cellulose fragments are in prospective molecular weight chitooligosaccharides (COS)
Substratesfermentable for microbiology they can be converted into monosaccharides and a number of Simple and relatively low-cost chemical hydrolysis in concentrated acids or alkalis at [11]
Summary
Namely cellulose (linear chain of several hundreds to many thousands of β-1,4-linked D-glucose units) and chitin (linear heterocopolymer of β-1,4-linked2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose and 2-acet-amido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose units), are the most abundant polysaccharides on the earth. High products, fermentable sugars for bio-ethanol synthesis via microbial fermentation among them temperatures is arelatively conventional method These techniques usually takeorseveral or Simple and low-cost chemical hydrolysis in concentrated acids alkalishours at high even days and the processing equipment is damaged due to corrosion and neutralization temperatures is a conventional method. These techniques usually take several hours or even procedures required equipment [12,13,14,15]. Toxic waste and environmental contamination are days and theare processing is damaged due to corrosion and neutralization procedures inherent in polysaccharide chemical processing
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