Abstract
In forest ecological studies, the data are often collected as nominal variables which can be summarized as frequency data. For this kind of nominal data, the chi-square test statistic can be used to evaluate whether the study groups are independent or not in their occurrence. This frequency data are arranged in a 2 x 2 table or with more rows and columns tabular format to undertake Chi-square test. Frequency or counts data of exclusive categories are used to test their independence/association by testing their proportion of occurrence in the rows and columns of the Chi-square table. The article includes the details on the data that can be used under Chi-square test through case studies, assumptions associated with the test, how the test and associated p-value can be achieved by simple manual calculation without any statistical program.
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