Abstract
In spite of the progress made in organ-preserving therapy modalities, including endoscopic or external partial laryngectomies, radiotherapy or chemoradiation in many patients with advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, total laryngectomy remains the only safe possibility for long lasting local tumour control. The existing strategies for a sufficient restoration of voice following total laryngectomy are still controversial. Besides the strictly conservative methods of esophageal voice and electronic devices, different surgical procedures are carried out worldwide. At present, the exclusively surgical voice shunt techniques are only offered in a few very specialized centres. In Germany, three surgical methods are in use: (1) microvascular laryngoplasty according to Hagen (> 300 cases), (2) the "jejunal speaking siphon" according to Ehrenberger modified by Remmert (> 60 cases), and (3) the modified Asai-technique according to Maier and Weidauer (> 80 cases).
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