Abstract
We consider the photonic vortical effect, i.e., the difference of the flows of left- and right-handed photons along the vector of angular velocity in rotating photonic medium. Two alternative frameworks to evaluate the effect are considered, both of which have already been tried in the literature: first, the standard thermal field theory and, alternatively, Hawking-radiation-type derivation. In our earlier attempt to compare the two approaches, we found a crucial factor of 2 difference. Here, we revisit the problem, paying more attention to details of infrared regularizations. We find out that introduction of an infinitesimal mass of the vector field brings the two ways of evaluating the chiral vortical effect into agreement with each other. Some implications, on both the theoretical and phenomenological sides, are mentioned.
Highlights
We will consider thermodynamics of media whose constituents are massless particles of nonzero spin S
The best-studied case is S 1⁄4 1=2, and, as a starting point, we quote some results obtained for spin-1=2 constituents
The chiral vortical effect was first evaluated by Vilenkin [10], who considered gas of noninteracting spin-1=2 fermions in a rotating coordinate system
Summary
We will consider thermodynamics of media whose constituents are massless particles of nonzero spin S. In the case of the chiral vortical effect (1.1), the term proportional to the chemical potential squared is related to the chiral anomaly. Using the machinery just described, one can turn the knowledge of the gravitational anomaly into a prediction of the magnitude of the chiral vortical effect for photons. This prediction can be compared with the results of direct calculations by means of various techniques within the thermal field theory; see, in particular, [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Our overall conclusion here is that, in the sense indicated, there is no direct contradiction between the two ways of evaluating the chiral vortical effect for photons
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