Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling

Abstract

The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. The developed method (160mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7mM β-CD, at 20°C, applying 15kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (Rs=2.40±0.04). Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of ASN.Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host—guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI–MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. It was found that the ASN-β-CD complex is of 1:1 composition, and either of the aromatic rings can be accommodated in the β-CD cavity.