Abstract
We present two methods for efficient detection of chiral molecules based on sequences of single pulses and Raman pulse pairs. The chiral molecules are modelled by a closed-loop three-state system with different signs in one of the couplings for the two enantiomers. One method uses a sequence of three interaction steps: a single pulse, a Raman pulse, and another single pulse. The other method uses a sequence of only two interaction steps: a Raman pulse, and a single pulse. The second method is simpler and faster but requires a more sophisticated Raman pulse than the first one. Both techniques allow for straightforward generalizations by replacing the single and Raman pulses with composite pulse sequences. The latter achieve very high signal contrast and far greater robustness to experimental errors than by using single pulses. We demonstrate that both constant-rotation (i.e., with phase compensation) and variable-rotation (i.e., with phase distortion) composite pulses can be used, the former being more accurate and the latter being simpler and faster.
Highlights
In physics, symmetry is vital to understanding and predicting the phenomena in the surrounding world
We present two methods for efficient detection of chiral molecules based on sequences of single pulses and Raman pulse pairs
The methods use sequences of single pulses and Raman pulse pairs applied to a closed-loop three-state system, which has identical properties for the two enantiomers except the opposite signs of one of the couplings
Summary
Symmetry (and asymmetry) is vital to understanding and predicting the phenomena in the surrounding world. We developed a method for optical detection of chiral molecules, based on simple sequences of resonant pulses [23] These allowed for a robust and high-fidelity optimization using composite pulses (CPs). Our focus now is to use resonant Raman pulses, which allow us to benefit from the powerful technique of composite pulses, in order to achieve efficient and robust chirality-dependent population transfer. To this end, we model the chiral molecules as a -type system, where one of the three couplings, marked as P, S, and Q, differs in sign in the two enantiomers (see Fig. 1).
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