Abstract
We study the thermodynamics of helical matter, namely quark matter in which a net helicity, $n_H$, is in equilibrium. Interactions are modeled by the renormalized quark-meson model with two flavors of quarks. Helical density is described within the grand-canonical ensemble formalism via a chemical potential, $\mu_H$. We study the transitions from the normal quark matter and hadron gas to the helical matter, drawing the phase diagram at zero temperature. We study the restoration of chiral symmetry at finite temperature and show that the net helical density softens the transition, moving the critical endpoint to lower temperature and higher baryon chemical potential. Finally, we discuss briefly the effect of a rigid rotation on the helical matter, in particular on the fluctuations of $n_H$, and show that these are enhanced by the rotation.
Highlights
The phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the temperature T and baryon chemical potential μ plane is one of the most active research subjects in modern highenergy physics
The very basic idea of helical matter is that helicity is a conserved quantities for free massless as well as massive fermions; if a net helicity is formed in a system made of free quarks, a chemical potential μH can be introduced that is conjugated to nH, to the baryon chemical potential that is conjugated to the baryonic density
The fact that matter with helical density can be of relevance for high-energy nuclear collisions has been discussed very recently [24,25,26,27,28,29]; in these works, it has been argued that spin dynamics is slow enough in the collisions, suggesting that helicity can be considered as approximately conserved for the entire quark-gluon plasma lifetime and be one source of the observed polarization of the Λ particles
Summary
The phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the temperature T and baryon chemical potential μ plane is one of the most active research subjects in modern highenergy physics. It is not possible to define uniquely a critical temperature for the restoration of chiral symmetry: it is more appropriate to define a pseudocritical region centered on a pseudocritical temperature Tc that is a range of temperatures in which several physical quantities experience substantial changes. Despite the amazing results obtained by lattice QCD in recent years, it is not possible to perform reliable simulations of QCD with three colors at large μ. For this reason, the use of effective models for studying the phase transitions of QCD at μ ≠ 0 is necessary. At μ ≠ 0 the smooth crossover of the QM model
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