Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered as an attractive stem cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We compared human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hASCs under dynamic hydraulic compression to evaluate and compare osteogenic abilities. A novel micro cell chip integrated with microvalves and microscale cell culture chambers separated from an air-pressure chamber was developed using microfabrication technology. The microscale chip enables the culture of two types of stem cells concurrently, where each is loaded into cell culture chambers and dynamic compressive stimulation is applied to the cells uniformly. Dynamic hydraulic compression (1 Hz, 1 psi) increased the production of osteogenic matrix components (bone sialoprotein, oateopontin, type I collagen) and integrin (CD11b and CD31) expression from both stem cell sources. Alkaline phosphatase and Alrizarin red staining were evident in the stimulated hMSCs, while the stimulated hASCs did not show significant increases in staining under the same stimulation conditions. Upon application of mechanical stimulus to the two types of stem cells, integrin (β1) and osteogenic gene markers were upregulated from both cell types. In conclusion, stimulated hMSCs and hASCs showed increased osteogenic gene expression compared to non-stimulated groups. The hMSCs were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and more effective towards osteogenic differentiation than the hASCs under these modes of mechanical stimulation.
Highlights
The stromal component of bone marrow is known to contain stem cell populations capable of differentiating into adipocytes, chondrocytes, myoblasts and osteoblasts
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was assessed by histochemical analysis as a marker of the commitment towards an osteoblastic lineage and correlated with advanced matrix mineralization and mature phenotype. human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were more densely stained in the mechanical stimulation groups compared to the nonstimulated group, while stimulated Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) did not show a significant rise in ALP staining compared to nonstimulated hASCs (Fig. 2A)
Mechanical stimulation resulted in an increase in the area and intensity of bone sialoprotein (BSP) in the hMSCs (*p,0.05), and hASCs (*p,0.05)
Summary
The stromal component of bone marrow is known to contain stem cell populations capable of differentiating into adipocytes, chondrocytes, myoblasts and osteoblasts. Despite their therapeutic potential in tissue engineering [1], utilization of bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is limited because acquisition methods can be painful, anesthesia is required and yields of MSCs cells are low. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered as an alternative stem cell source. ASCs do not present ethical or immunologic problems [4] These cells can self-renew to generate lost or damaged tissues and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes [5]. These cells can self-renew to generate lost or damaged tissues and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes [5]. hASCs have strong proliferation ability, and maintain phenotype and multidifferentiation potential [6]
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