Abstract
BackgroundA person’s self-efficacy plays a critical role during the chronic management process of a health condition. Assessment of self-efficacy for patients with heart diseases is essential for healthcare professionals to provide tailored interventions to help patient to manage the disease.ObjectiveTo translate and test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale (C-CSES) as a disease-specific instrument for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in mainland China.MethodsThe original English version of the CSES was translated into Chinese using a forward-backward translation approach. A convenience sample consisting of 224 Chinese patients with CHD were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in Shiyan, China. The C-CSES and the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) were used in this study. The factor structure, convergent and discriminative validities, and internal consistency of the C-CSES were evaluated.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a three-factor high-order structure of the C-CSES with model fit indexes (RMSEA = 0.084, CFI = 0.954, NNFI = 0.927, IFI = 0.954 and χ 2 /df = 2.572). The C-CSES has good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.926. The convergent validity of the C-CSES was established with significantly moderate correlations between the C-CSES and the Chinese version of the GSES (p < 0.001). The C-CSES has also shown good discriminative validity with significant differences of cardiac self-efficacy being found between patients with and without comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, or heart failure.ConclusionThe empirical data supported that the C-CSES is a valid and reliable disease-specific instrument for assessing the self-efficacy of Chinese patients with CHD.
Highlights
A person’s self-efficacy plays a critical role during the chronic management process of a health condition
Lower Cardiac self-efficacy (CSE) has been associated with poor coping strategies in dealing with Coronary heart disease (CHD), unsatisfactory behavioral modification and poor health status, Zhang et al Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (2018) 16:43 which lead to unexpected coronary events that result in a lower quality of life amongst patients with CHD [7, 8]
Translation equivalence and content validity Based on the responses of the ten bilingual validators, the translation equivalence rate for overall C-CAES was 94.87%, indicating that the Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale (C-Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale (CSES)) correctly reflected the English version
Summary
A person’s self-efficacy plays a critical role during the chronic management process of a health condition. Zhang et al Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (2018) 16:43 which lead to unexpected coronary events that result in a lower quality of life amongst patients with CHD [7, 8]. The assessment of CSE for patients with CHD will help health professionals to provide tailored interventions to enhance a patient’s self-efficacy, which will, in turn, help the patient to manage his or her disease effectively. There is lack of valid disease-specific measurement tools to assess the self-efficacy for Chinese-speaking patients with CHD. The CSES has been increasingly utilized in assessing the cardiac self-efficacy in patients with CHD in different countries, such as Korea [10, 11], Australia [12], Iran [13], Sweden [14, 15], and Singapore [6, 16]. With the approval from the author of the original CSES, our study was designed to translate the CSES into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric properties of the C-CSES among Chinese-speaking patients with CHD in mainland China
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