Abstract
A new species, Tuber yigongense, is described. ITS sequences derived from Chinese black truffles grouped into three clusters, each recognised as a different species: T. sinense, T. formosanum, and T. yigongense. Tuber sinense and T. formosanum cannot be separated morphologically, but T. yigongense differs from them by its yellow brown ascospores. Based on ITS sequence analysis, numerous Chinese specimens previously identified as T. indicum and T. himalayense are redetermined as either T. sinense or T. formosanum; although the phylogenetic results suggest that the two Indian species do not occur in China, the true taxonomic affinities cannot be fully resolved because of the lack of Indian sequences of T. indicum and T. himalayense.
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