China's Experience in Population Matters: An Official Statement

Abstract

The description of the demographic situation in China and the directions of the population policy were given in an official statement made on March 28 1994 by Peng Yu Chinas representative to the 27th Session of the UN Population Commission. Chinas population was over 1.18 billion in 1993 and 27% of the total population is of reproductive age: 324 million people. The median age is 25 years. Arable land area is 7% of the world total but population is 22% of the world total. The per capita land area is .08 hectares. International migration will have little impact on reducing population. Arable land exploitation of resources and the standard of living have been affected by rapid population growth. Population numbers have also impacted on housing education employment medical care and social welfare. Population policy aims to improve the quality of life for people. Government education programs are geared toward the introduction of notions of the interrelationships between population and development as stated in the UN World Population Plan of Action. Chinas population policy is devoted to promoting late marriage and later fewer and healthier births prevention of birth and genetic defects. Policy advocates the practice of one couple one child. Rural couples with difficulties are to be persuaded to have a second child only proper spacing. National minorities are expected to establish their own population requirements according to their own conditions. Local governments have formulated regulations suitable for local conditions conducted population education and provided medical and health services. An integrated approach has been followed. Incentives and disincentives have been provided for increasing contraceptive prevalence. Total fertility has declined from 4.27 births in 1974 to about 2 in 1993. The birth rate declined from 24.82 to 18.09/1000 live births. The natural growth rate declined from 1.7% to 1.15%. The declines have contributed to socioeconomic advancement and enhanced womens status. Most rural people understand that population control aims to help people enjoy a happier life. Social security and economic opportunities have been provided in rural areas. A net increase of 14 million people annually is expected. About 25% of gross national product is consumed by additional births which in the long run will affect investments. International support in family planning has been received and welcomed.