Abstract
In recent years, the issues related to carbon emissions and environment have attracted extensive attentions. Considering four scenarios (the energy conversion, energy capital savings and loans, energy exports and cement production carbon emissions), this paper adopts the energy consumption method and input-output method to analyze China’s carbon emissions structure on the supply-side and demand-side of energy, and finally provides policy recommendations for China’s structural emission reduction. The results show that, if the four influencing factors were not considered, the measurement of carbon emissions from the final demand was 44.91% higher than the baseline scenario, 12.36% lower than the baseline scenario from intermediate demand, and 10.23% lower than the baseline scenario from the total. For China’s carbon emissions structure on the supply-side of energy, the carbon emissions from high-carbon energy, represented by raw coal, accounted for 66.805% of the total energy-related carbon emissions, while the carbon emissions from low-carbon energy, represented by natural gas, only accounted for 2.485%. For China’s carbon emissions structure on the demand-side of energy, the carbon emissions from intermediate demand (enterprise production) accounted for more than 95% of total energy-related carbon emissions, while the carbon emissions from final demand (residents and government use) accounted for less than 5%. For each specific industry in intermediate demand for energy, the heavy industry, electric power, fossil energy, and chemical industry have high carbon emissions and low carbon emissions efficiency. However, the agriculture, construction, light industry, and service are the opposite. Finally, we provide policy recommendations for improving the accuracy of carbon emissions measurement and carbon emissions efficiency.
Highlights
Climate change has become an environmental issue of general concern in society [1].The greenhouse effect caused by excessive carbon emissions is blamed for climate change
The advantage of the energy consumption method is that the data required for analysis is more flexible and accurate [10]; the shortcoming of the energy consumption method is that other non-energy consumption carbon emissions, such as carbon emissions from cement processes, are easy to be ignored
To include four influencing factors, this paper comprehensively considered the advantages and disadvantages of each method, adopts the energy consumption method and input-output method to analyze the carbon emissions structure from the energy consumption on the supply-side and demand-side of energy, as well as carbon efficiency from different sectors
Summary
Climate change has become an environmental issue of general concern in society [1].The greenhouse effect caused by excessive carbon emissions is blamed for climate change. The advantage of the energy consumption method is that the data required for analysis is more flexible and accurate [10]; the shortcoming of the energy consumption method is that other non-energy consumption carbon emissions, such as carbon emissions from cement processes, are easy to be ignored. The life cycle assessment method is usually based on activity links, requiring detailed study of waste energy emissions from energy demand, raw material utilization, and activities during the life of the measurement target to measure the carbon emissions [11, 12]. To include four influencing factors (the energy conversion, energy capital savings and loans, energy exports and cement production), this paper comprehensively considered the advantages and disadvantages of each method, adopts the energy consumption method and input-output method to analyze the carbon emissions structure from the energy consumption on the supply-side and demand-side of energy, as well as carbon efficiency from different sectors. The second part is literature review; the third part is model construction and data processing; the fourth part is the result and analysis; the fifth part is the conclusion and policy recommendations
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