China Engages Asia? Caveat Lector

Abstract

In his recent article in International Security, David Shambaugh provides a far-ranging and thought-provoking account of China’s engagement policy with the wider Asian region,1 which he argues is “a principal catalyst in shaping a new order in Asia.”2 Shambaugh posits that “the traditional underpinnings of international relations in Asia are undergoing profound change, and the rise of China is a principal cause” (p. 64). Other causes of change that he points to include the relative decline of U.S. inouence in the region; the growing role of norms espoused by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and attendant growth of ASEAN-linked institutions; increased technological and economic interdependence in the region; and improvements in China’s relations with key regional states including India, South Korea, and Vietnam. As a result, Shambaugh asserts that in contrast to the situation just a few years ago, “the majority of Asian states currently view China as more benign than malign and are accommodating themselves to its rise” (p. 67). Following other observers, Shambaugh sees regional bandwagoning dynamics operating in China’s favor.3 We contend, however, that there are serious problems in Shambaugh’s thesis, which collectively leave us with much less room for optimism about China’s Asia policy both in the present, as well as for the future. Three key points of critique merit further elaboration. First, Shambaugh devotes inadequate attention in his article to China’s relations with two states, Japan and Taiwan, whose interactions in the last decade patently contradict his portrayal of skillful Chinese diplomacy.4 Second, his claim that “most nations in the region now see China as a good neighbor, a constructive partner, a careful Correspondence: China Engages Asia? Caveat Lector