China-Africa cooperation and challenges related to the belt and road initiative

Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) presents a new vision of three-dimensional international cooperation and relations that break not only the regional development model of scattered distribution but also strengthen connectivity and economic collaboration between China and participating nations. Domestically, it runs through eastern, central and western parts of China, linking major coastal port cities and extending to ASEAN countries. Overseas, it embraces Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia via land and connects Europe and Africa via sea, further forming a circular economic zone linking sea and land. This article reviews the literature on the role of BRI in promoting economic cooperation among countries along these routes. Similarly, it examines criticisms leveled against the BRI and clarifies misconceptions embedded in such criticisms. With specific reference to Africa, the paper analyses the benefits inherent in the BRI and critically examines the challenges that may confront the Initiative. The article equally takes into cognizance the inevitability of future challenges and frictions that may occur between China and Africa and, therefore, suggests a co-development model that could be used to ameliorate, if not solve, these challenges. In conclusion, the paper recommended that despite the high risks and existing threats, the BRI can be implemented successfully with both China and Africa achieving a balance of interest as well as long-term and mutual benefits.