Chimeric VEGF-E NZ7 /PlGF Specifically Binding to VEGFR-2 Accelerates Skin Wound Healing via Enhancement of Neovascularization

Abstract

VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF molecules composed of Orf virus-derived VEGF-E(NZ7) and human PlGF1 were previously proven to be potent angiogenic factors stimulating angiogenesis without significant enhancement of vascular leakage and inflammation in vivo. For its future clinical application, there is a pressing need to better understand the beneficial effects of VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF during wound healing in adulthood. In this study, several angiogenic factors were administrated to skin punched wounds of both wild-type and diabetic mice. The treatment with VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF accelerated wound closure accompanied with enhanced angiogenesis, the process was occurring slightly faster than that in VEGF-A164 group. Moreover, the macrophage infiltration and lymphangiogenesis level in healed wounds were strikingly lower in VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF group than VEGF-A164 group, suggesting that the increased inflammation was the key issue preventing speedy wound healing of VEGF-A164-treated skin. Considering clinical safety, we further examined the antigenicity of chimeric VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF. Compared with the original VEGF-E(NZ7), the immunogenicity of VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF molecules was markedly decreased in mice and squirrel monkeys with the increase of PlGF1 humanized ratio. These results indicate that VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF molecules are superior to VEGF-A for the acceleration of either normal or delayed skin wound healing and might be regarded as potential drugs in therapeutic angiogenesis.