Abstract
CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been shown to be effective for B cell leukemia and lymphoma. Many researchers are now trying to develop CAR T cells for various types of cancer. For multiple myeloma (MM), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been recently proved to be a promising target. However, cure of MM is still difficult, and several other targets, for example immunoglobulin kappa chain, SLAM Family Member 7 (SLAMF7), or G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), are being tested as targets for CAR T cells. We also reported that the activated integrin β7 can serve as a specific target for CAR T cells against MM, and are preparing a clinical trial. In this review, we summarized current status of CAR T cell therapy for MM and discussed about the future perspectives.
Highlights
CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been shown to be effective for B cell leukemia and lymphoma
Different from monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs, CAR T cells can expand extensively when they are activated upon recognition of the tumor cells [1] (Figure 1)
Was observed in two out of 10 patients (479 versus 181 days and 249 versus 127 days, respectively). These results suggest that CAR T therapy targeting CD19+ B cells following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may be beneficial in some patients, trials in larger numbers of patients will be needed to confirm the results
Summary
The origin of MM is still controversial. Variable regions of MM plasma cells have somatic hyper-mutations, but do not have varieties in the mutation in a patient, suggesting that MM clones are derived from post-germinal center B cells [25]. MM disease could be reconstituted in immune-deficient mice transplanted with CD19+ B cells from some MM patients, suggesting that MM stem cells may exist in the CD19+ B cell population [28]. We do not have evidence showing that CD19+ clonotypic B cells are MM stem or progenitor cells in most MM patients, it should be noted that the lack of engraftment of CD19+ clonotypic B cells in immune-deficient mice does not necessarily mean that those cells are not MM stem or precursor cells. It is certainly true that clonotypic B cells sharing immunoglobulin sequences with MM cells exist in MM patients, and those cells are still candidates for MM precursor cells.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
