Abstract
BackgroundMungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an economically important legume of high nutritional value, however, its cultivation is limited by susceptibility to chilling. Varieties NM94 and VC1973A, with differential susceptibility to stress, serve as good materials for uncovering how they differ in chilling tolerance. This study aimed to identify the ultrastructural, physiological and molecular changes to provide new insights on the differential susceptibility to chilling between varieties VC1973A and NM94.ResultsChilling stress caused a greater reduction in relative growth rate, a more significant decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and DPPH scavenging activity and more-pronounced ultrastructural changes in VC1973A than in NM94 seedlings. Comparative analyses of transcriptional profiles in NM94 and VC1973A revealed that the higher expression of chilling regulated genes (CORs) in NM94. The transcript levels of lipid transfer protein (LTP), dehydrin (DHN) and plant defensin (PDF) in NM94 seedlings after 72 h at 4 °C was higher than that in its parental lines VC1973A, 6601 and VC2768A.ConclusionsOur results suggested that LTP, DHN and PDF may mediate chilling tolerance in NM94 seedlings.
Highlights
Mungbean seedlings at 4 days after imbibition (DAI) were exposed to 4 °C and Fv/Fm ratios were measured at indicated times with a portable Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometer (PAM 2100, Walz, Germany) after 30 min of dark adaptation
Chilling more profoundly decreased relative growth rate (RGR), Fv/Fm and free radical scavenging capacity in VC1973A than in NM94 When grown at 25 °C, NM94 and VC1973A did not differ in RGR, and both reached a growth plateau before 6 DAI
Seedling growth was arrested by chilling after exposure to 4 °C for 1 day, as indicated by a negative RGR during 5–7 DAI (Fig. 1a)
Summary
Wilczek) is an economically important legume of high nutritional value, its cultivation is limited by susceptibility to chilling. Varieties NM94 and VC1973A, with differential suscepti‐ bility to stress, serve as good materials for uncovering how they differ in chilling tolerance. This study aimed to identify the ultrastructural, physiological and molecular changes to provide new insights on the differential susceptibility to chilling between varieties VC1973A and NM94. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, worldwide production of mungbean increased fourfold to 21.4 million tons between 1990 and 2014, with the majority produced in Asia (85.4%). The geographical and seasonal distribution is limited by low temperatures. Chilling/cold stress limits plant growth and causes significant crop loss. To cope with low temperatures, plants often upregulate the expression of some cold related genes (CORs). A C-repeat (CRT) or dehydration responsive element (DRE) is commonly found in the promoter regions of COR, and is bound by CRT binding factor (CBF)/DRE
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