Abstract
BackgroundThis study focuses on children living in foster families with a history of maltreatment or neglect. These children often show adverse mental health outcomes reflected in increased externalizing and internalizing problems. It is expected that these adverse outcomes are associated with increased parental stress levels experienced by foster mothers as well as foster fathers.MethodsThe study sample included 79 children living in foster families and 140 children living in biological families as comparison group. The age of the children ranged from 2 to 7 years. Mental health problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist, while parenting stress was measured with a parenting stress questionnaire including subscales on the amount of experienced stress and the amount of perceived support. The Child Behavior Checklist assessments were based mainly on maternal reports, while the parental stress assessments were based on maternal as well as paternal reports.ResultsAs expected the results showed increased externalizing and internalizing scores for the foster children accompanied by increased parental stress experiences in the foster family sample (however only in the maternal, but not in the paternal stress reports). The stress differences between the foster and biological family groups disappeared, when the children’s mental health problem scores were included as covariates. Moreover, especially the externalizing scores were strong predictors of parental stress in both, the groups of foster and biological parents. The amount of perceived social support was associated with reduced parental stress, but only in the group of biological fathers.ConclusionThe emergence of parental stress in biological as well as foster parents is closely related to child characteristics (mainly externalizing child problems). Possible implications for the reduction of parental stress are discussed as a consequence of the present results.
Highlights
This study focuses on children living in foster families with a history of maltreatment or neglect
Children’s mental health problems and parental stress in foster vs. biological families To address Hypothesis 1, a univariate analysis of variance was calculated with family type as independent variable and the total Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) score as dependent variable
The results indicated a significant difference for the total CBCL score (F1,209 = 29.30, p < .001, η2 = .123) with increased values in the foster children
Summary
This study focuses on children living in foster families with a history of maltreatment or neglect. These children often show adverse mental health outcomes reflected in increased externalizing and internalizing problems. Several previous studies showed associations between parental stress and child mental health problems in nonfoster parents. A study by Mesman and Koot [4] found significant relations between parental stress and Lohaus et al Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health (2017) 11:43 the extent of externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children aged 10–11. The association to parental stress was closer for externalizing in comparison to internalizing symptoms. This is underlined by studies addressing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems. Mental as well as somatic problems are typically associated with increased demands for parents, which are often reflected in increased parental stress perceptions
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