Children's language development after cochlear implantation: a literature review.

Clarice Gomes Monteiro,Bianca Arruda Manchester De Queiroga,Hilton Justino Da Silva,Ana Augusta De Andrade Cordeiro

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20162015151

Clarice Gomes Monteiro, Bianca Arruda Manchester De Queiroga + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015151

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Abstract

review the literature for studies that describe the language development of children after they receive cochlear implants. Literature review on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases, tracing the selection and critical analysis stages in the journals found and selected. We selected original articles looking at children with cochlear implants, which mentioned language development after surgery. Case studies, dissertations, books chapters, editorials, and original articles that did not mention aspects of oral communication development, perception of sounds and speech, and other stages of human development, in the title, abstract, or text, were excluded. A protocol was created for this study including the following points: author, year, location, sample, type of study, objectives, methods used, main results, and conclusion. 5,052 articles were found based on the search descriptors and free terms. Of this total, 3,414 were excluded due to the title, 1,245 due to the abstract, and 358 from reading the full text; we selected 35, of which 28 were repeated. In the end, seven articles were analyzed in this review. We conclude that cochlear implant users have slower linguistic and educational development than their peers with normal hearing - though they are better than conventional prostheses users - and they are able to match them over time. There is great variability in the test methodologies, thus reducing the effectiveness and reliability of the results found.

Highlights

Recent studies show that children with cochlear implant (CI) develop language in a different way in terms of the amount of receptive and expressive vocabulary compared to children with normal hearing in the same age group, keeping the same stages of language acquisition expected for children with normal hearing(6,7)
The mistaken idea persists that language acquisition and the problems at school faced by a deaf child will be resolved with the use of a cochlear implant(5,8)
This paper aims to review the literature for studies that describe the language development of children after they receive cochlear implants, seeking to establish the possible advances achieved, considering the specifics of the populations studied

Summary

Introduction

New technological advances capable of bringing deaf people nearer to the conditions of those with normal hearing give rise to the need to study language development processes that use these technologies, such as the cochlear implant (CI)(1,2).It is not yet clearly known how children using CI organize linguistic information and to what extent this is a critical factor in their language development(3,4), since the ability of the child to hear speech sounds does not mean that he/she is able to process all of the sound signals and their complex linguistic information(5).Recent studies show that children with CI develop language in a different way in terms of the amount of receptive and expressive vocabulary compared to children with normal hearing in the same age group, keeping the same stages of language acquisition expected for children with normal hearing(6,7).the mistaken idea persists that language acquisition and the problems at school faced by a deaf child will be resolved with the use of a cochlear implant(5,8).In general, CI use has been associated with better results in terms of auditory perception, language development, and reading, compared to children using conventional hearing aids (PHA). New technological advances capable of bringing deaf people nearer to the conditions of those with normal hearing give rise to the need to study language development processes that use these technologies, such as the cochlear implant (CI)(1,2). It is not yet clearly known how children using CI organize linguistic information and to what extent this is a critical factor in their language development(3,4), since the ability of the child to hear speech sounds does not mean that he/she is able to process all of the sound signals and their complex linguistic information(5). The individual benefits of cochlear implants vary considerably(9)

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