Abstract
BackgroundThe last decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased. Apart from other lifestyle factors, the effect of chronic psychosocial stress on the development of obesity has been recognized. However, more research is needed into the influence of chronic stress on appetite regulation, energy balance and body composition, as well as on the interaction with physical activity/sedentary behavior, diet and sleep in children. In this regard, the ChiBS study (Children’s Body composition and Stress) was designed at the Ghent University. Within this paper, we describe the aims, design, methods, participation and population characteristics of the ChiBS study.MethodsThe influence of chronic stress on changes in body composition is investigated over a two-year follow-up period (February-June 2010, 2011 and 2012) in primary-school children between 6 and 12 years old in the city Aalter (Flanders, Belgium).Stress is measured by child- and parent-reported stress-questionnaires, as well as by objective stress biomarkers (serum, salivary and hair cortisol) and heart rate variability. Body composition is evaluated using basic anthropometric measurements and air displacement plethysmography. Additional information on socio-economic status, medical history, physical activity, dietary intake and sleep are obtained by questionnaires, and physical activity by accelerometers.ResultsThe participation percentage was 68.7% (N = 523/761), with 71.3% of the children willing to participate in the first follow-up survey. Drop-out proportions were highest for serum sampling (12.1%), salivary sampling (8.3%) and heart rate variability measurements (7.4%).DiscussionThe ChiBS project is unique in its setting: its standardized and longitudinal approach provides valuable data and new insights into the relationship between stress and changes in body composition in a large cohort of young children. In addition, this study allows an in-depth investigation of the validity of the different methods that were used to assess stress levels in children.
Highlights
The last decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased
This paper describes the design of the ChiBS study, its instruments, measurements, population characteristics, and participation and drop-out rates for each examination module
Future analytical plan The feasibility and the interrelationship of the different stress measurements will be studied. This will be done using regression analyses corrected for age and sex, a hierarchical linear model for salivary cortisol and a triad analysis allowing to compare more than two measurements at the same time [58]
Summary
The last decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased. Apart from other lifestyle factors, the effect of chronic psychosocial stress on the development of obesity has been recognized. More research is needed into the influence of chronic stress on appetite regulation, energy balance and body composition, as well as on the interaction with physical activity/sedentary behavior, diet and sleep in children In this regard, the ChiBS study (Children’s Body composition and Stress) was designed at the Ghent University. In the European Union, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity ranges from 10-20% (northern European areas) to 20-40% (Mediterranean Sea countries) and is expected to rise by 1.3 million children per year [3]. These numbers stress the importance of a better understanding of the complex etiology of obesity in order to help developing effective prevention programs. Overweight and obesity will be covered by the term ‘obesity’ in this article
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