Abstract

Although a large literature has argued that motherhood has a profound and long-lasting negative effect on the employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest round of the EBRD-World Bank Life in Transition Survey to examine the correlation between the presence of small children (aged 0-4) in a family and female employment in Mongolia in 2016. I find that each small child decreases the probability of female labor force participation by 14.7 percentage points relative to women with no small children. These results are unlikely to be driven by omitted variable bias. I examine the availability of childcare and attitudes towards women as potential explanations.

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