Abstract
Objective: Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in Burkina Faso and sub-Saharan Africa.The purpose of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and para-clinical aspects of childhood tuberculosis in sub-saharan hospital settings. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study of new cases of tuberculosis diagnosed between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2016 in the pediatric department of Bobo-Dioulasso University Hospital (Burkina Faso). Results: The study included twenty eight (28) children with an average age of 8.3 years. The main part of patients (60.7%) came from socio-economic disadvantaged backgrounds. BCG immunization coverage was 92.9%; a contagion history was found in 42.9% of cases. Malnutrition was present in 82.1% and the combination HIV / tuberculosis were 17.8%. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most frequent clinical form (50%). Sputum was positive in 2 children. Nodes location (35.7%) was the main extrapulmonary form. Conclusions: Pulmonary tuberculosis in children is common in sub-saharan Africa. National free care processing policy is welcome but a strengthening of diagnostic capacity will allow an optimal management of the child life infection.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.3 million new cases of tuberculosis were recorded worldwide in 2016
New cases of tuberculosis in children under 15 years old represented around 6.9% of all cases in the world [1]
In Burkina Faso, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form; It accounted for 83% of all reported cases in 2016 [2]
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.3 million new cases of tuberculosis were recorded worldwide in 2016. Most cases occur in low socio-economic countries; the African region was affected by 25% of cases [1]. New cases of tuberculosis in children under 15 years old represented around 6.9% of all cases in the world [1]. In Burkina Faso, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form; It accounted for 83% of all reported cases in 2016 [2]. In 2015, the number of tuberculosis-related deaths among people under 15 years was estimated at 239,000 and cases of co-infection with HIV accounted for 17% [3]. The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis, even in its pulmonary form, remains difficult, especially in developing countries due to lack of efficient means. The diagnosis is usually based on a non-specific arguments beam, such as concept of contagion, signs of tuberculous impregnation, chest X-ray images, and tuberculin intradermoreaction
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