Childhood onset oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

Abstract

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder, usually autosomal dominant, which typically becomes symptomatic during the fifth decade of life with slowly progressive ptosis and dysphagia; childhood onset has not been reported. A 13-year-old female of French-Canadian descent developed nasal speech and strabismus at 5 years of age; there was no family history of neuromuscular disease. Ptosis and mild facial and proximal muscle weakness were present by 9 years of age. Over the next 4 years, the patient developed dysphagia, palatal paralysis, weight loss, decreased ocular motility, scoliosis, shortness of breath, and obstructive apnea. Tracheostomy and gastrostomy were required. Creatine kinase and repetitive facial nerve stimulation were normal. Edrophonium testing was negative and electromyography revealed myopathic motor units in the iliopsoas muscle. A preponderance of type I fibers and scattered atrophic and angulated muscle fibers were present in 3 muscle biopsies. The clinical presentation and findings are consistent with childhood onset oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.