Childhood Mortality: Trends and Determinants in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2015—A Systematic Review

Yohannes Mehretie Adinew,Shimelash Bitew Workie,Senafikish Amsalu Feleke,Zelalem Birhanu Mengesha

doi:10.1155/2017/7479295

Yohannes Mehretie Adinew, Shimelash Bitew Workie + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7479295

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Abstract

Background. Millennium Development Goal 4 calls for reducing under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. The aim of this review was to assess trend of childhood mortality and its determinants from 1990 to 2015 in Ethiopia. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of PubMed and Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, national medical journals, government websites, and Google Scholar. Original observational study designs and reports conducted entirely or in part in Ethiopia that included a primary outcome variable of childhood mortality and published between 1990 and 2015 were included. Ascertained relevant articles were appraised and the findings were integrated into a systematic review. Results. Childhood mortality has declined in Ethiopia with more pronounced reduction over the last 10 years. Under-five mortality is 72% lower now than it was 25 years ago, with the pace of decline in infant mortality (83%) somewhat faster than child mortality (76%). The corresponding decline in neonatal and postneonatal mortality over the same period was 64% and 68%, respectively. Parental sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables and nutritional, environmental, and sanitary factors have been identified to affect child survival. Conclusion. Ethiopia has successfully achieved the Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce under-five mortality.

Highlights

Millennium Development Goal 4 calls for reducing under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015
This review considers all observational study designs and government reports that assessed neonatal, postneonatal, infant, child, and under-five mortality and determinants of childhood mortality in Ethiopia
This review considers records reported on primary outcome variable of neonatal, postneonatal, infant, child, and under-five mortality and cause and determinants of childhood mortality in Ethiopia

Summary

Introduction

Millennium Development Goal 4 calls for reducing under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Original observational study designs and reports conducted entirely or in part in Ethiopia that included a primary outcome variable of childhood mortality and published between 1990 and 2015 were included. Childhood mortality has declined in Ethiopia with more pronounced reduction over the last 10 years. Ethiopia has successfully achieved the Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce under-five mortality. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were demarcated to be measured over the period from 1990 to 2015 [1]. The rate of decline in childhood mortality (CM), the probability of dying between exact ages of one and five, has accelerated over the past fifteen years [4], but high rates remain in sub-Saharan Africa where one child in every eight dies before age of five [5]

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