Childhood glioblastoma multiforme of the spinal cord

Abstract

Astrocytoma accounts for more than 50% of all central nervous system tumours diagnosed, with particular prevalence in the 15- to 34-year-old age bracket, rarely arising in younger children. In 1995, a 7-year-old boy presented in Emergency with a 3-day history of severe radicular back pain and associated muscle spasms, exacerbated by lying on his back. Both bone scan and plain X-rays were unremarkable; however, MRI showed a 3-cm space-occupying lesion at the level of T5-T6. The patient proceeded to biopsy and partial excision of the tumour through laminectomy, histology confirming an anaplastic astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme), St Anne Mayo grade 4. Treatment consisted of a radical course of radiotherapy alone, delivering a total dose of 44.8 Gy at 1.6 Gy per fraction. The treatment comprised of three phases using two oblique wedged fields on a 6 MV linear accelerator. The patient remains disease free 7 years post treatment, with the only effect noted being a slight kyphoscoliosis at the site of the laminectomy and radiation. This report highlights the efficacy of combined surgery and radiation therapy in the management of spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme in preventing tumour recurrence, with acceptable morbidity. Further evaluation of the treatment efficacy would be difficult because of the scarcity of such cases.