Abstract
Within the past few years there is a rapid expansion in our understanding of epilepsy. The development of new anti-epileptic drugs and refinements to epilepsy surgery are widening the therapeutic options for epilepsy. In addition, the classification of the epilepsies continues to evolve based on an increased understanding of the molecular genetics of the condition and this includes the recognition of possible novel epilepsy syndromes. This review considers some of these exciting developments, as well as addressing the essential features of the diagnosis, investigations, management and impact of epilepsy in childhood.
Highlights
Epilepsy is a common heterogeneous neurological problem in children
The problem is further compounded in developing countries as they add about 75-80% of new cases of epilepsy (Guerrini, 2006; Tamber and Mountz, 2012; Sharma, 2013)
Given that there is a shortage of pediatric epileptologists practicing around the world, it is impossible for all children with recurrent seizures to receive their care from subspecialists
Summary
Epilepsy is a common heterogeneous neurological problem in children. It exerts a significant physical, psychological, economic and social toll on children and their caregivers. Without a firm understanding of the complexities of childhood epilepsy, it may be not possible for such physicians to always make an accurate diagnosis and plan an effective treatment strategy It is important for the general pediatrician to be aware of the evaluation and management of these patients (Tamber and Mountz, 2012; Sharma, 2013). Epilepsy is defined as a disorder of the brain characterized by any of the following conditions: (1) At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring >24 h apart, (2) One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the 10 years and 3) Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome (Hauser and Banerjee, 2008; Tamber and Mountz, 2012; Fisher et al, 2014). This seizure type is referred to as simple typical absence
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