Childhood disadvantage, cigarette smoking, and mental health: a mediation effect of social engagement

Abstract

ABSTRACTDrawing from a life course paradigm, this study explores the associations between childhood disadvantage, social engagement, cigarette smoking, and depressive symptoms. Data come from the three waves of Americans’ Changing Lives survey (N = 2348). This study examines whether childhood disadvantage (e.g. childhood parental divorce, serious parental marital problems, and family violence) has effects on later health and social relationships. Additionally, it looks at whether social engagement mediates the relationships between childhood disadvantage, cigarette use, and mental health. Regression results suggest that childhood adversities are associated with an increase in cigarette smoking, depressive symptoms, and a decrease in participation in religious organizations later in life. Moreover, poor social engagement (in this study, attending religious services) is mediated the relationship between childhood disadvantage, cigarette smoking, and mental health. These findings demonstrate the negative effects of childhood stressors on later health and well-being and suggest greater attention be given to early family history and social ties.