Abstract

ADHD children, especially those with the Combined or Hyperactive Types, frequently demonstrate high levels of conduct problems or social aggression in their childhood years (Barkley, 1998; Hinshaw, 1987). Followed into adolescence, these children, particularly those with comorbid social aggression, have a significantly elevated risk for oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder (CD), and delinquent or antisocial activities (August, Stewart, & Holmes, 1983; Barkley et al., 1990; Klein & Mannuzza, 1991; Weiss & Hechtman, 1993). Along with those risks, there occurs a greater likelihood of being arrested (Satterfield, Swanson, Schell, & Lee, 1994) and a greater propensity for substance experimentation, use, and eventual abuse (Biederman, Wilens, et al., 1997; Lambert & Hartsough, 1998), particularly among that subset of ADHD children having CD by adolescence (Molina, Smith, & Pelham, 1999).

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