Childhood abuse and adult relationships with perpetrating parents: impacts on depressive symptoms of caregivers of aging parents

Abstract

Objectives: Combining the stress process model of caregiving and life course perspective, this study examined the long-term associations among childhood abuse, relationships between perpetrating parents and adult children, and adult children’s well-being in the context of caregiving for a perpetrating parent. Method: Using a sample of family caregivers from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, this study investigated (a) whether contact frequency and emotional closeness with an abusive parent mediated the longitudinal effects of parental childhood abuse on adult-child caregivers’ depressive symptoms and (b) the moderating effects of self-acceptance and mastery on this mediational association. Results: Key findings indicated that in the caregivers of mothers, maternal childhood abuse was negatively associated with emotional closeness between an adult child caregiver and perpetrating mother care recipient. In turn, low emotional closeness was associated with higher depressive symptoms in the adult child caregiver. A lack of psychological resources such as self-acceptance and mastery strengthened the effect of maternal childhood abuse on depressive symptoms. In the caregivers of fathers, we did not find any significant indirect effect of parental childhood abuse on adult-child caregivers’ depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Further research is needed to explore this phenomenon in light of the heterogeneity of contemporary families. Practitioners are encouraged to employ a trauma-informed approach when working with adults with a history of parental childhood abuse who are caregiving for their perpetrator to maximize the caregivers’ health and well-being.