Chikungunya Outbreak from 1952-2019: A Prospective to Cope-Up with this Re-emerging Disease

Abstract

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the alphavirus that belongs to the family Togaviridae. It was first identified in 1952 when the first outbreak of chikungunya occurred in the Tanganyika. From them, several outbreaks had been taken place around the globe, making a severe threat to the human population. High-grade fever, nausea, and body pain mislead the disease with Dengue fever. Disease effects are long-lasting; the disease is characterized by severe joint pains, which leads to arthralgia. To date, no direct treatment is available for the infection, which puts a heavy burden on society. In this review article, the authors focus on the outbreaks of chikungunya since1952 to 2019 worldwide. The mutations occurred in the proteome of chikungunya. The evolution occurred because of those mutations and their effects on human societies. The study results that the two mutations in the proteome made the species more vulnerable to society. The outbreak study suggests that numerous chikungunya cases had been identified worldwide with the common symptoms that turn severe with these mutations. This study result reveals that scientists and researchers must focus on the disease's intensity and work progressively to find the solution for this emerging disease.