Abstract
Chickpea stunt disease (CSD), caused by Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) is a threat to chickpea production leading to yield losses of 75–95%. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus is a monopartite, single-stranded circular DNA virus in the genus Mastrevirus and family Geminiviridae. It is transmitted by Orosius albicinctus in a circulative (persistent) and nonpropagative manner. Symptoms of CSD include very small leaves, intense discoloration (yellowing (kabuli type) and reddening (desi type)), and bushy stunted appearance of the plant. Presently, CpCDVs occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, causing extensive losses on economically important crops in in the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Solanaceae. High frequency of recombinations has played a significant role in the wide host range, diversification, and rapid evolution of CpCDVs. This review highlights the extensive research on the CpCDV genome diversity, host range, plant–virus–insect interactions, and RNA interference-based resistance of CpCDV, providing new insights into the host adaptation and virus evolution.
Highlights
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown and consumed all over the world.As the world’s population rises, the demand for grain legumes is rising, and it is a permanent challenge to meet increasing demands
chickpea stunt disease (CSD) was first identified in India, and later the virus causing disease was identified as Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) and was shown to be transmitted in a persistent manner by the leafhopper O. albicinctus [9]
The symptoms of the disease caused by the dicot-infecting mastreviruses are yellowing, stunting, and dwarf symptoms in tobacco when infected by Tobacco yellow dwarf virus (TYDV) [19]
Summary
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown and consumed all over the world. Among the leafhopper-transmitted viruses reported in chickpea, the most important and threatening viral disease is chickpea stunt disease (CSD). CSD was first identified in India, and later the virus causing disease was identified as CpCDV and was shown to be transmitted in a persistent manner by the leafhopper O. albicinctus [9]. (2012) [14] in India characterized the CpCDV, which was identified as one of the etiological agents of stunt disease belonging to the genus Mastrevirus of the family Geminiviridae. Mastrevirus is the second-largest genus in the family Geminiviridae, with 37 species [16] known to infect either monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous plants in association with ssDNA satellite molecules [17,18], of approximately half the size of their helper virus genome. As dicot-infecting mastreviruses are important pathogens in agriculture, this review will mainly focus on the new discoveries, diversity of CpCDVs, geographical distribution, host range, interaction with satellite molecules, and role of recombination in CpCDV complex evolutions and new strategies for their management
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