Abstract
Due to the emerging status of chicken infectious anemia in Africa and its similarity to infectious bursal disease, it was necessary to review this disease. Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive pathogen and thus, causes great economic losses to the poultry industry. It is caused by chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), a member of the genus Gyrovirus, and it primarily affects progenitor cells of erythroid and myeloid series. The disease is characterized by aplastic anemia, atrophy of the thymus, and immunosuppression. It is transmitted horizontally and vertically, and chicken is considered to be the natural host. Chicken infectious anemia can be diagnosed by virus isolation and detection and serology including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), immunoperoxidase tests, and virus neutralization test (VNT). The control measures for CIA included vaccination and good poultry health and management practices.
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