Abstract
Chicken essence (CE) is a popular traditional remedy in Asia, which is believed to improve cognitive functions. CE company claimed that the health benefits were proven with research studies. A systematic review was conducted to determine the cognitive-enhancing effects of CE. We systematically searched a number of databases for randomized controlled trials with human subjects consuming CE and cognitive tests involved. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias (ROB) tool was used to assess the quality of trials and meta-analysis was performed. Seven trials were included, where six healthy subjects and one subject with poorer cognitive functions were recruited. One trial had unclear ROB while the rest had high ROB. For executive function tests, there was a significant difference favoring CE (pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.55 (−1.04, −0.06)) and another with no significant difference (pooled SMD of 0.70 (−0.001, 1.40)). For short-term memory tests, no significant difference was found (pooled SMD of 0.63 (−0.16, 1.42)). Currently, there is a lack of convincing evidence to show a cognitive enhancing effect of CE.
Highlights
Chicken essence (CE) is the cooked, concentrated, liquid extract from chicken, which is a popular traditional remedy amongst Asians [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We explored the causes of heterogeneity and could not identify the clear source
The two RCTS which employed a combination of cognitive function tests, in schizophrenia patients [24] and Persian Gulf War veterans [25], respectively, found that the effects were only significant for certain cognitive function tests but not all
Summary
Chicken essence (CE) is the cooked, concentrated, liquid extract from chicken, which is a popular traditional remedy amongst Asians [1,2,3,4,5,6]. CE consists of major components of dipeptides and free amino acids, where carnosine and anserine are the most concentrated active ingredients [7,8]. Despite having a number of different CE companies in the market, the only variation found between commercial CE preparations is either with [9,10] or without [11,12] the addition of caramel as coloring agent. Combinational CE preparations are commonly available, for example, with the addition of ginseng, cordyceps, or dong guai [10,11,12]. Promising results were reported in Nutrients 2016, 8, 57; doi:10.3390/nu8010057 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
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