Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer antibiotic that was widely used for treatment of various cancers. It produces free radicals which result in extreme dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. This study investigated the cardioprotective potential of chia seed oil, an active polyphenolic nutraceutical against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control, DOX control, test-A and test-B group. Animals were prophylactically treated with two different doses of test drug, i.e. chia seed oil 2.5 ml/kg/day and 5 ml/kg/day in test-A and test-B groups orally for 7 days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered intraperitoneally to DOX control, Test-A and Test-B animals on the seventh day to induce cardiotoxicity. ECG analysis was done before and after treatment. Besides ECG, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and GSH were analyzed. DOX had significantly altered ECG, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and GSH. Pre-treatment with chia seed oil significantly alleviated DOX-induced ECG changes and also guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum CK, CK-MB and AST levels. Chia seed oil alleviated histopathological alteration in DOX-treated rats. It also significantly inhibited DOX-induced GSH depletion and elevation of MDA. The present study revealed that chia seed oil exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies to precisely consider chia seed oil as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.
Highlights
Doxorubicin is a potent cytotoxic anticancer antibiotic separated from the culture of Streptomyces peucetius and used to treat different types of cancers like breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, thyroid, acute leukaemia, Hodgkin’s disease, Wilms tumor, multiple myeloma [1]
PR interval (p < 0.001), QT interval (p = 0.003), QTc interval (p = 0.003) were significantly decreased and QRS complex amplitude (p = 0.010) was increased among Test-A (DOX + Chia seed oil (CSO) 2.5 ml/kg) treated group compared to DOX control group
A significant decrease was observed in PR interval (p < 0.001), QT interval (p < 0.001), QTc interval (p < 0.001) and increase in QRS complex amplitude (p < 0.001) in Test-B (DOX + CSO 5 ml/kg) group in comparison with DOX control animals (Fig. 2)
Summary
Doxorubicin is a potent cytotoxic anticancer antibiotic separated from the culture of Streptomyces peucetius and used to treat different types of cancers like breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, thyroid, acute leukaemia, Hodgkin’s disease, Wilms tumor, multiple myeloma [1]. It is a potent anticancer antibiotic, toxicities including nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and hematopoietic suppression, as well as a unique cardiotoxicity induced by DOX limit the use of this antibiotic. This high concentration of the drug leads to a high redox reactivity in the heart [7]
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