Abstract
Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for controlling appetite in order to avoid being overweight or obese. Slow eating also has the effect of increasing postprandial energy expenditure (diet-induced thermogenesis). It is still unclear whether this is due to oral stimuli; that is, the duration of tasting food in the mouth and the duration of chewing. To investigate the effects of oral stimuli on diet-induced thermogenesis in 11 healthy normal weight males, we conducted a randomized crossover study comprising three trials: (1) drinking liquid food normally, (2) drinking liquid food after tasting, and (3) adding chewing while tasting. Oral stimuli (i.e., the duration of tasting liquid food in the mouth and the duration of chewing) significantly increased diet-induced thermogenesis after drinking liquid food. This result demonstrates that the increase in diet-induced thermogenesis is due to oral stimuli rather than the influence of the food bolus. Increased diet-induced thermogenesis induced by chewing and taste stimuli may help to prevent overweight and obesity.
Highlights
Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for controlling appetite in order to avoid being overweight or obese
Many subsequent studies have indicated that slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for preventing overweight and obesity, with eating speed being associated with body composition and shape[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
Slow eating has the effect of increasing diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), as we have reported previously[21,22]
Summary
Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for controlling appetite in order to avoid being overweight or obese. Slow eating has the effect of increasing postprandial energy expenditure (diet-induced thermogenesis) It is still unclear whether this is due to oral stimuli; that is, the duration of tasting food in the mouth and the duration of chewing. Many subsequent studies have indicated that slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for preventing overweight and obesity, with eating speed being associated with body composition and shape[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18] This has been attributed to overeating resulting from rapid e ating[19,20]. We performed three trials in the present study: (1) drinking liquid food normally, (2) drinking liquid food after tasting, and (3) adding chewing while tasting to exclude the effect of the food bolus
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