Chevroned Water Hyacinth weevil Neochetina bruchi Hustache (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract

Neochetina bruchi Hustache is commonly referred to as the chevroned water hyacinth weevil and is a weed biological control agent used to manage water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes Mart. [formely Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pellegrini et al. 2018)], in more than 30 countries (Winston et al. 2014). Imported from Argentina, the insect was first introduced into the United States in Florida in 1974 and released in Louisiana later in 1974 (Manning 1979), Texas 1980, and California 1982 to 1983 (Winston et al. 2014). Now Neochetina bruchi occurs throughout the Gulf Coast States (Winston et al. 2014). The target weed of Neochetina bruchi, water hyacinth, is an invasive aquatic plant in the United States and is included on Florida’s list of prohibited aquatic plants.
 Neochetina bruchi is among four species of insect biological control agents that have been introduced into the United States to manage water hyacinth. The other three species include a weevil, Neochetina eichhorniae; a moth, Niphograptaalbiguttalis; and a planthopper, Megamelus scutellaris, which were introduced into the United States in 1972, 1977, and 2010, respectively (Tipping et al. 2014).
 Although the larvae and pupae of Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhorniae have similar appearance and behavior and can be difficult to differentiate by casual observation (Deloach and Cordo 1976), the adult stages of the two species of water hyacinth weevils can be distinguished relatively easily based on the color patterns on their elytra (hardened fore wings).