Abstract
Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of chest X-ray (CXR) score, frailty, and clinical and laboratory data on in-hospital mortality of hospitalized older patients with COVID-19. Methods. This retrospective study included 122 patients 65 years or older with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and with availability to CXRs on admission. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Statistical analysis was conducted using Cox regression. The predictive ability of the CXR score was compared with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and fever data using Area Under the Curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) statistics. Results. Of 122 patients, 67 died during hospital stay (54.9%). The CXR score (HR: 1.16, 95% CI, 1.04–1.28), CFS (HR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09–1.47), and presence of fever (HR: 1.75; 95% CI, 1.03–2.97) were significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. The addition of both the CFS and presence of fever to the CXR score significantly improved the prediction of in-hospital mortality (NRI, 0.460; 95% CI, 0.102 to 0.888; AUC difference: 0.117; 95% CI, 0.041 to 0.192, p = 0.003). Conclusions. CXR score, CFS, and presence of fever were the main predictors of in-hospital mortality in our cohort of hospitalized older patients with COVID-19. Adding frailty and presence of fever to the CXR score statistically improved predictive accuracy compared to single risk factors.
Highlights
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered the well-being of healthcare systems worldwide
Patients who died were characterized by higher chest X-ray (CXR) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores, and there was a greater prevalence of dementia and congestive heart failure compared to the survivors (p < 0.05)
Net reclassification analysis demonstrated that adding the CFS to the CXR score significantly improved the prediction of in-hospital mortality
Summary
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered the well-being of healthcare systems worldwide. Risk stratification in hospitalized older COVID-19 patients [4,5,6] and were further associated with decreased in-hospital survival and accelerated clinical deterioration [7]; age, respiratory function, laboratory data, and the presence of comorbidities and neurological functions were the main predictors used [4,5,6,8] as they were related to a worse prognosis in this setting [4,5,6,8,9,10]. The predictive ability of the CXR score was compared with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and fever data using Area Under the Curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) statistics
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