Chest wall pleomorphic liposarcoma combined with lung extraskeletal osteosarcoma

Abstract

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is extremely rare in human beings, in contrast with liposarcoma, one of the most common types of soft-tissue sarcoma. Lung extraskeletal osteosarcoma was only published in a few case reports, with even less associated with soft-tissue liposarcoma. Within those few reports, no case has mentioned the coexistence of liposarcoma and lung extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the same patient. Herein, we present a very rare case of a patient who suffered a right middle lobe lung extraskeletal osteosarcoma for 20 months, following a complete left chest wall pleomorphic liposarcoma adjuvant therapy. Pleomorphic lipoblast with atypical mitosis was found in previous histology slides; however, typical osteoid was found in the right middle lobe pleura. Unfortunately, although adjuvant chemotherapy with high-dose radiotherapy was arranged immediately, the patient still died in 4 months. According to the literature review, chemotherapy and radiotherapy could induce gene mutation and subsequent transformation of cancer types or mix two cancer types. Since the two tumors can grow rapidly in a short period, the possibilities of cancer recurrence or formation of double primary cancers should not be neglected.